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相變材料新突破:科研人員創新熱管理方案,助力電子器件高效散熱

   時間:2025-09-04 03:30 來源:ITBEAR作者:沈瑾瑜

在中國科學院的最新研究中,新型傳熱技術被確認為電子器件穩定運行的核心要素。電子設備的密集集成、高能量密度及快速充放電能力,雖然提升了性能,但伴隨而來的是在瞬態過程中產生的高熱通量,這對設備的安全構成了潛在威脅。熱管理不當不僅會導致性能下滑,還可能引發關鍵組件故障。

針對這一挑戰,中國科學院青海鹽湖研究所的研究團隊開發出了一種創新的熱管理解決方案。他們利用三水醋酸鈉作為相變材料,結合多孔膨脹石墨構建了一個封裝空間,進而設計出無機相變薄膜。該薄膜通過膨脹石墨在多個方向上的層間交聯,形成了一個3D多孔支撐骨架,這一結構如同“熱橋”,使得熱量能夠在多個維度上高效傳遞。

在電子器件接近熱失控的臨界點時,這種相變薄膜能夠主動儲存熱量。其“熱傳導+熱吸收”的雙重機制,有效緩解了電子器件的瞬時熱通量。通過引入PVDF,相變薄膜還獲得了熱誘導柔性、出色的阻燃性和電絕緣性能。實驗結果顯示,這一技術使得熱失控電池模塊的溫度降低了10℃,CPU表面溫度更是下降了20℃。

研究團隊并未止步于此,他們還設計了一種新型雙連續相變熱界面材料。這種材料由石蠟和柔性分子苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)組成儲熱相(PCM),而導熱相則由粘附性聚氨酯和導熱介質氮化硼構成。通過剪切力和優化的兩相體積比,研究團隊成功促進了氮化硼的取向,在高PCM含量的雙連續結構中形成了織構化的導熱網絡。同時,SBS的加入進一步提升了材料的抗彎性和熱穩定性。這一創新使得可穿戴設備的表面溫度降低了驚人的23℃。

這些研究成果不僅為新能源汽車電池、高性能計算以及可穿戴電子產品的熱管理提供了堅實的理論基礎和實踐參考,也為提升電子系統的可靠性和安全性開辟了新的路徑。相關研究成果已在《能源》和《化學工程雜志》上發表,標志著中國在電子器件熱管理技術領域取得了重要突破。

 
 
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